A wide variety of "secondary" forming operations are applied to give the steel component its final shape and properties.  These can be sub-divided into the following general processes:

• shaping (e.g. cold rolling)
• machining (e.g. drilling)
• joining (e.g. welding)
• coating (e.g. galvanizing)
• heat treatment (e.g. tempering)
• surface treatment  (e.g. carburizing)