The
fractional decrease in intensity I
of an x-ray beam as it passes through a substance is proportional
to the distance traversed by the beam,
x:
-
where m is the linear absorption coefficient. This constant
is dependent on the material properties, its density and the wavelength of x-rays.
Integrating this equation gives:
where I0 = intensity of
incident beam, and Ix = intensity
of transmitted beam after passing through distance x.
The linear absorption constant coefficient is linearly proportional to the density of the
material r and is usually tabulated as the mass absorption
coefficient (m/r). This gives:
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